Information on Behavioral Perspective in AP Psychology
Behavioral Psychology- Behavioral psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on the study and alteration of people's behaviors, including their actions, emotions and thoughts. This branch, also known as behaviorism, relies on the theory that mental and emotional disorders can be improved through behavior-modifying techniques.
- B. F. Skinner was a behaviorist, he developed the theory of operant conditioning. Operant conditioning is the idea that behavior is determined by its consequences, be they reinforcements or punishments, which make it more or less likely that the behavior will occur again.
- Ivan Pavlov was a Russian psychologist who is best known for his experiment with dogs and the development of classical conditioning. Classical conditioning is pairing two stimuli together, the neutral and the potent, and eventually only using one stimuli but still getting the same response.
- John B. Watson, after observing children in the field, was interested in finding support for his notion that the reaction of children, whenever they heard loud noises, was prompted by fear. Furthermore, he reasoned that this fear was innate or due to an unconditioned response. He felt that following the principles of classical conditioning.
Classical conditioning- A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.
Operant conditioning- An individual changes its behavior because of the consequences (results) of the behavior. The person or animal learns its behavior has a consequence.
Positive reinforcement- The addition of a reward following a desired behavior.
Negative punishment- It involves taking something good or desirable away in order to reduce the occurrence of a particular behavior.
Operant conditioning- An individual changes its behavior because of the consequences (results) of the behavior. The person or animal learns its behavior has a consequence.
Positive reinforcement- The addition of a reward following a desired behavior.
Negative punishment- It involves taking something good or desirable away in order to reduce the occurrence of a particular behavior.
Mnemonics:
B- B.F Skinner
O- Observation
A- Albert Bandura
R- Reinforcement
E- Extrinsic motivators
V- Variable
I- Ivan Pavlov
L- Learning
B- B.F Skinner
O- Observation
A- Albert Bandura
R- Reinforcement
E- Extrinsic motivators
V- Variable
I- Ivan Pavlov
L- Learning